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Centrifugal Pump



A centrifugal pump converts rotational energy, from a motor, to
energy in a moving fluid. A portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the fluid. Fluid enters axially through eye of the casing, is caught up in the impeller blades, and is whirled tangentially and radially outward until it leaves through all circumferential parts of the impeller into the diffuser part of the casing.

The fluid gains both velocity and pressure while passing through the impeller. The doughnut-shaped diffuser or scroll section of the casing decelerates the flow and further increase the pressure. Fluid under pressure now leaves the impeller producing a drop in pressure behind it at the eye of the impeller. This causes fluid from the suction pipe to flow into pump due to atmospheric pressure and subsequently that fluid also gets discharged. This way fluid in the pump acts like a piston moving outwards and causing drop
in the pressure behind.

 THAT IS WHY A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP CAN BE STARTED WITH DISCHARGE VALVE SHUT AND ALSO IT DOES NOT NEED A RELIEF VALVE BECAUSE IF THERE IS NO DISCHARGE FLOW OF LIQUID THE PRESSURE WILL NOT DROP BEHIND AND IT WILL NOT DRAW ANY MORE WATER. SAME WATER WILL KEEP ON
CHURNING INSIDE THE PUMP.

However, if initially there is no liquid at the eye of impeller there will be no pumping action. Centrifugal pump therefore is not a self priming pump. If the level of water is below the eye of impeller, the pump will require priming.
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